Weather

2C & 1inch pressure decrease per 1000 feet of altitude gained sea level: 14.7 pounds per square inch (force) 29.92 inches Hg (decrease pressure indicate thinning air) Air pressure density decreases with altitude Airplanes have less air at higher altitudes (less oxygen) Air density affects 1) Wing: fewer molecule move over the wing produce less … [Read more…]

Ground Reference Maneuvers

Rectangular Course S-Turns Turns around a point Check for traffic – ground track – obstructions Enter the maneuver on the downwind Perform the maneuver 600-1000 feet AGL Altitude +-100 feet and airspeed +-10 knots Clear area of terrain, obstacles, possible airspace incursion, and other aircraft Select a suitable ground reference Identify a suitable emergency landing … [Read more…]

FAR/AIM

FAR: Part 1: Definitions & Abbreviations Night: The time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight For recency of experience: Night: the period from one hour after sunset to one hour before sunrise Part 43: Maintenance & Maintenance Records Part 61: Pilot and Instructor Certifications Part 73: Special … [Read more…]

Airplane Systems

Four Stroke: Intake, Compression, Power, Exhaust. Dual Ignition System (Redundancy & more efficient burning) Detonation when unburned fuel explode instead of burning. On climb lower the nose to increase airspeed Pre-ignition advance of normal spark ignition and uncontrolled burning Lycoming IO-320 means I: injected O: opposed with 320 cubic inch displacement Propeller fixed pitch is … [Read more…]

Transponder

4096 Mode C transponder means they are 4,096 combination of numbers from 0000 through 7777 and mode C means that it has altitude encoding OFF: no transmission aircraft is as “primary” STBY: no transmission but unit is powered ON: Mode A operation; squawk code only is transmitted ALT: Mode C operation: pressure altitude is transmitted … [Read more…]

Radio

FSS Flight Service Station provide info and services to aircraft but unlike ATC is not responsible for giving instructions, clearances or providing separation ATC Air Traffic Control is service by ground based controllers who direct aircraft through controlled airspace and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. CTAF Common Traffic Advisory Frequency is … [Read more…]

Difference between AGL & MSL

airport elevation is MSL otherwise very airport would be 0 obstacle are shown in both MSL/(AGL) on chart airspace altitude always in MSL pilot have no idea of field elevation altimeter is calibrated in MSL (same ref point for altitude) stack number in airspace is always in MSL Class G and E are in AGL … [Read more…]

Chart

1 degree of latitude is 1 mile section divided by 30 minutes as you go north you add 30 minutes per section as you go west you add 30 minutes per section